Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of patches or areas of the skin caused by an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. It can be triggered by factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes (like during pregnancy or due to birth control pills), inflammation, or skin injuries. Common types include melasma, sunspots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).

Treatment options for hyperpigmentation typically include topical creams to lighten dark spots. Procedures such as chemical peels, microdermabrasion, and laser treatments may also be used to reduce pigmentation and achieve more even skin tone, although results can vary depending on the severity.